JIA 2019 "玉米研究"文章精选
本期精选JIA 2019年出版的"玉米研究"相关文章,所有文章在ScienceDirect平台开放获取,点击文章题目可查看全文。
遗传·育种·种质·资源
利用加权基因共表达网络分析(WGCNA)挖掘玉米叶片碳代谢相关基因表达谱数据中与叶片分区和特定时间相关的模块和基因
✺ WANG Jing-lu, ZHANG Ying, PAN Xiao-di, DU Jian-jun, MA Li-ming, GUO Xin-yu
玉米的产量不仅依赖于籽粒中碳水化合物的转化和积累,还取决于叶片中碳水化合物的供应。但是,叶片中的碳代谢过程昼夜不同,且在不同的叶片分区也会不同。本研究利用加权基因共表达网络分析(WGCNA)对碳代谢的基因表达谱数据进行分析,鉴定与叶片中的特定分区或特定时间段相关联的模块和基因。本研究共包含取自3个不同叶片分区和5个时间点的45个玉米叶片样本。使用RMA对原始数据集GSE85963进行预处理,并利用皮尔森相关矩阵对数据进行质控。经一系列分析后共获得8个基因共表达网络模块,其中一些模块与叶片分区或特定时间显著相关。通过对显著模块中的基因进行功能富集分析和基因-基因间相互作用分析,获得了模块基因的作用通路及各模块关键基因。本研究所发现的关键基因和显著通路为玉米叶片的碳代谢相关研究提供了一定的参考和依据。
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WANG Jing-lu, ZHANG Ying, PAN Xiao-di, DU Jian-jun, MA Li-ming, GUO Xin-yu. 2019. Discovery of leaf region and time point related modules and genes in maize (Zea mays L.) leaves by Weighted Gene Co-expression Network analysis (WGCNA) of gene expression profiles of carbon metabolism. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 18(2): 350-360. |
Phenotypic characterization and genetic mapping of the dwarf mutant m34 in maize
✺ LI Jie-ping, Soomro Ayaz Ali, XIAO Gui, CHEN Fan-jun, YUAN Li-xing, GU Ri-liang
在本研究中,通过筛选EMS诱变自交系掖478的突变群体,获得了一个赤霉素不敏感的矮化突变体m34。与野生型掖478相比,m34各茎节间距显著变短,叶片长度和宽度显著变小,同时m34茎部表皮保卫细胞的长度显著小于掖478,暗示细胞长度变短可能导致株高矮化。遗传分析表明m34矮化表型由隐性单基因控制。使用突变体m34与自交系B73创建的F2分离群体将突变区间定位于1号染色体bin1.10 标记umc2189与umc1553之间。进一步发现该候选区间包含一个已经研究过的矮化基因ZmVP8。重测序分析突变体 m34和野生型掖478中ZmVP8的外显子碱基序列,发现其cDNA序列1606位置上发生了单碱基(G1606-A1606)的突变,该突变引起了ZmVP8蛋白质531位谷氮酸突变成赖氮酸(E531 to K531),导致蛋白质的二级结构由α-螺旋变化成β-折叠,最终使得ZmVP8蛋白质的SPEC结构型变化为BOT1NT结构型。所有实验结果表明m34是ZmVP8新的突变位点,该研究有利于进一步解析玉米ZmVP8的基因功能↑ 向上滑动查看更多
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LI Jie-ping, Soomro Ayaz Ali, XIAO Gui, CHEN Fan-jun, YUAN Li-xing, GU Ri-liang. 2019. Phenotypic characterization and genetic mapping of the dwarf mutant m34 in maize. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 18(5): 948-957. |
转录组和蛋白质组联合分析揭示玉米近等基因系长日照条件下光周期敏感机制
✺ SONG Xiao-heng, TIAN Lei, WANG Shun-xi, ZHOU Jin-long, ZHANG Jun, CHEN Zan, WU Liu-ji, KU Li-xia, CHEN Yan-hui
玉米作为短日照植物需要合适的光周期来诱导生殖生长发生。然而,人们对于mRNA和蛋白水平的光周期诱导机制研究甚少。本研究利用光周期钝感自交系及其近等基因系(光周期敏感)作为材料,通过RNA测序为基础的转录组及LC-MS/MS为基础的iTRAQ蛋白组技术,揭示了长日照条件下,玉米生长转化阶段中一系列基因在转录及蛋白水平的变化规律。其中,22000个基因转录本及5259个蛋白分别在RNA-Seq和iTRAQ-based测序分析中被鉴定,而且我们发现,基因在mRNA以及蛋白水平的变化相关性很低,表明长日照诱导的生长阶段转化很大程度上受转录后调控所影响。功能注释结果表明长日照条件诱导的差异表达基因涉及多个调控过程,特别是在磷离子运输及生物钟节律过程中。除此之外,结合转录组及蛋白组数据,最终鉴定出与光周期介导的开花机制相关的31个基因转录本和6个蛋白质。本研究利用转录组学和蛋白质组学联合分析的方法,首次全面比较了长日照条件下玉米生长阶段转换期间光周期敏感和钝感玉米自交系中发生的基因/蛋白质水平变化。
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SONG Xiao-heng, TIAN Lei, WANG Shun-xi, ZHOU Jin-long, ZHANG Jun, CHEN Zan, WU Liu-ji, KU Li-xia, CHEN Yan-hui. 2019. Integrating transcriptomic and proteomic analyses of photoperiodsensitive in near isogenic maize line under long-day conditions. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 18(6): 1211-1221. |
玉米秸秆低温高效降解复合菌系GF-20的关键菌及菌种组成稳定性研究
✺ YU Xiao-fang, BORJIGIN Qinggeer, GAO Ju-lin, WANG Zhi-gang, HU Shu-ping, BORJIGIN Naoganchaolu, WANG Zhen, SUN Ji-ying, HAN Sheng-cai
为了明确玉米秸秆低温高效降解复合菌系GF-20的关键菌及其菌群结构稳定性,促进低温微生物的应用与开发,提高高寒地区还田玉米秸秆降解效率。本研究以低温高效降解复合菌系GF-20为研究对象,在不同温度(T)、pH(P)、碳源(C)、氮源(N)条件下连续继代培养15代后,分别获得各条件下的菌系,并通过测定各复合菌系发酵液pH 值、纤维素酶活性、总糖含量和氧化还原电位动态等相关指标,综合评价复合菌系的玉米秸秆分解特性;同时,利用PCR-DGGE技术和主成分分析方法对菌群组成结构稳定性及关键功能菌进行分析。复合菌系GF-20在温度(4°C–30°C)和pH (6.0–9.0)条件下继代培养15代后,仍保持了较高的菌种组成稳定性和玉米秸秆分解活性;不同碳源和氮源条件下,以玉米秸秆为碳源、硫酸铵为氮源时,保持了复合菌系GF-20菌群结构稳定性和纤维素酶活性,提高了底物分解效率。PCR-DGGE共检测到18个条带,其中关键菌株分别为Bacillus licheniformis, Cellvibrio mixtus subsp. Mixtus, Bacillus tequilensis, Clostridium populeti和 Clostridium xylanolyticum。
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YU Xiao-fang, BORJIGIN Qinggeer, GAO Ju-lin, WANG Zhi-gang, HU Shu-ping, BORJIGIN Naoganchaolu, WANG Zhen, SUN Ji-ying, HAN Sheng-cai. 2019. Exploration of the key microbes and composition stability of microbial consortium GF-20 with efficiently decomposes corn stover at low temperatures. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 18(8): 1893-1904. |
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REN Wen, LIU Ya, ZHOU Miao-yi, SHI Zi, WANG Tian-yu, ZHAO Jiu-ran, LI Yu. 2019. Dynamic changes of root proteome reveal diverse responsive proteins in maize subjected to cadmium stress. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 18(10): 2193-2204. |
Ethanol production and mitochondrial-related gene expression of maize (Zea mays) seed during storage
✺ Chalisa Chaengsakul, Damrongvudhi Onwimol, Pasajee Kongsil,Sawita Suwannarat
Mitochondrial degradation plays a vital role in seed deterioration. Novel markers were investigated based on a new method for quantifying maize seed deterioration during 12 months' storage under ambient (lab bench, ~27°C and 50–80% relative humidity (RH)) or controlled ((15±1)°C and (50±5)% RH in bags with low oxygen permeability) conditions involving two techniques: 1) fast ethanol assay and 2) quantitative RT-PCR (qPCR) with four mitochondrial-related genes in maize seed: alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH1), alternative oxidase (AOX1), cytochrome c oxidase (COXc), and ATPase. Ethanol production during imbibition and the expression of genes using the new method were compared to the results of two conventional methods: a germination test and an accelerated ageing test. The results showed that germination following ambient seed storage reduced significantly compared to the controlled conditions, especially at 9 months of storage. Ethanol production of maize seed measured by fast ethanol assay increased during storage. After 6 months, the mean (n=4) ethanol production from seed under ambient conditions was 400 µg L-1 which was higher than under the controlled conditions (240 µg L-1). Stored mRNA level of COXc and ATPase significantly decreased over time in ambient storage but were quite stable under the controlled conditions. Maize seed was also treated for artificial ageing at 42°C in 100% RH for 12, 24, and 48 h. At 24 h after treatment (HAT), maize seed produced significantly more headspace ethanol than at 12 HAT and more than the control (non-treated seed). The transcription level of ADH1 and ethanol production increased. The transcription level of COXc was directly related to the severity of the ageing treatment. In conclusion, a combination of fast ethanol assay and qPCR enhanced understanding of maize seed deterioration and provided new possibilities for the evaluation of seed storability based on transcriptional levels.
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Chalisa Chaengsakul, Damrongvudhi Onwimol, Pasajee Kongsil,Sawita Suwannarat. 2019. Ethanol production and mitochondrial-related gene expression of maize (Zea mays) seed during storage. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 18(11): 2435-2445. |
生理·生化·耕作·栽培
低钾胁迫对玉米光合作用、叶绿体结构、ROS和抗氧化酶活性的影响
✺ DU Qi, ZHAO Xin-hua, XIA Le, JIANG Chun-ji, WANG Xiao-guang, HAN Yi, WANG Jing, YU Hai-qiu低钾胁迫能够引起叶片活性氧大量增加导致光合作用的降低。但低钾胁迫下玉米如何调节抗氧化防御系统以保护叶片光合功能的生理机制尚不明确。本试验利用耐低钾玉米自交系(90-21-3和099)和钾敏感自交系(D937和835),分析了其在低钾胁迫下叶片光合作用、叶片解剖结构和叶绿体超微结构、ROS和抗氧化酶活性差异,结果表明,在低钾胁迫下,90-21-3和099叶片中叶绿素含量、净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、光化学猝灭(qP)、电子传递速率(ETR)均显著高于D937和835。低钾胁迫显著改变了D937叶片厚度、下表皮细胞厚度、维管束面积等结构,而90-21-3的维管束和导管面积明显高于D937。低钾胁迫下伴随着超氧阴离子(O2-)和过氧化氢(H2O2)的大量积累,D937的叶绿体和PSII反应中心受到严重破坏,而耐低钾自交系90-21-3能够促进叶片内SOD、CAT、APX等抗氧化酶活性的增加来降低体内O2-和H2O2含量。说明低钾胁迫下,耐低钾玉米自交系能够通过增加体内抗氧化酶活性维持ROS平衡,降低对光合机构的破坏,进而维持光合作用的正常进行。
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DU Qi, ZHAO Xin-hua, XIA Le, JIANG Chun-ji, WANG Xiao-guang, HAN Yi, WANG Jing, YU Hai-qiu. 2019. Effects of potassium deficiency on photosynthesis, chloroplast ultrastructure, ROS, and antioxidant activities in maize (Zea mays L.). Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 18(2): 395-406. |
低氮胁迫对不同耐低氮性玉米品种光合和叶绿素荧光特性的影响
✺ WU Ya-wei, LI Qiang, JIN Rong, CHEN Wei, LIU Xiao-lin, KONG Fan-lei, KE Yong-pei, SHI Hai-chun, YUAN Ji-chao
氮(N)是植物生长和生产力的关键因素,它影响着其影响光合和叶绿素荧光特性。我们通过本试验研究了低氮胁迫对玉米耐低氮水平叶片光合特性和叶绿素荧光特性的影响。试验以耐低氮品种正红311和低氮敏感品种先玉508为供试材料,分别在中国四川省简阳市开展了田间试验(三个氮水平:N0, 0 kg ha-1; N1, 150 kg ha-1; N2, 300 kg ha-1)和中国四川省成都市开展了水培试验(两个氮水平:CK, 4 mmol L-1; LN, 0.04 mmol L-1)。试验结果表明,低氮胁迫显著降低了玉米叶片叶绿素含量和光响应曲线中的光下最大荧光(Fm′)、荧光不稳定态(Fs)、非光化学淬灭(qN)、PSII光化学在暗适应下的最大效率(Fv/Fm)、PSII的潜在活力(Fv/Fo)和PSII的实际光化学效率(ΦPSII),同时增大了叶绿素a/b等指标。在光补偿点上,正红311在胁迫下增大,先玉508则减小。低氮耐性品种的指数变异程度低于低氮敏感品种,尤其是苗期。低氮胁迫下,玉米可以提高叶绿素a/b、表观量子产率和光饱和点,以适应氮胁迫。与低氮敏感品种相比,耐低氮品种保持较高的净光合速率和电子传输速率,保持较强的PSII活性,从而进一步促进光的捕捉和转移能力,这可能是低耐氮品种适应低氮胁迫的光合机制。
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WU Ya-wei, LI Qiang, JIN Rong, CHEN Wei, LIU Xiao-lin, KONG Fan-lei, KE Yong-pei, SHI Hai-chun, YUAN Ji-chao. 2019. Effect of low-nitrogen stress on photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of maize cultivars with different lownitrogen tolerances. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 18(6): 1246-1256. |
✺ GU Ri-liang, HUANG Ran, JIA Guang-yao, YUAN Zhi-peng, REN Li-sha, LI Li, WANG Jian-hua
玉米种子在收获后需要进行机械脱粒才能用于播种,机械脱粒会导致种子受损和活力下降。本研究的目的是分析机械脱粒对不同含水量玉米种子造成的损伤影响。实验采用马齿型玉米京科968和硬粒型玉米德单2号,设置机械脱粒的种子含水量为12%,15%,18%,21%和24%。种子受损率采用碘化钾染色法测定,种子活力采用标准发芽率,低温发芽率,人工老化发芽率,萌发后幼苗的根长和苗长测定。研究结果发现随着机械脱粒时种子含水量的升高,种子机械损伤率不断升高,而种子活力则不断下降。以90%的标准发芽率,85%的低温发芽率和80%的人工老化发芽率作为衡量高活力种子的标准,要保证种子质量,京科968需要在低于15%的含水量下脱粒,而德单2号需要在低于18%含水量下脱粒。进一步研究发现不管在多大的含水量下脱粒,机械损伤总是发生在种子的远离果穗的远端(即与机器接触的部位)。胚乳面受损时对种子萌发形成幼苗的影响不大,但胚面受损时严重影响幼苗的胚芽生长。硬粒型德单2号比马齿型京科968更耐机械损伤。这些结果为高活力玉米种子生产和加工提供参考。
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GU Ri-liang, HUANG Ran, JIA Guang-yao, YUAN Zhi-peng, REN Li-sha, LI Li, WANG Jian-hua. 2019. Effect of mechanical threshing on damage and vigor of maize seed threshed at different moisture contents. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 18(7): 1571-1578. |
✺ ZHANG Li-li, ZHOU Xiang-li, FAN Ye, FU Jun, HOU Peng, YANG Hai-long, QI Hua
持绿型玉米品种较非持续型品种相比具有较高的花后氮素积累量与籽粒产量。为探明密度对不同持续性玉米品种产量及氮素效率的影响,本研究选用两个生育期相近但持绿性不同的玉米品种(持绿型品种丹玉508与非持绿型品种农华101),在不同种植密度(45,000 株/公顷、60,000 株/公顷、75,000 株/公顷)条件下研究不同玉米品种籽粒产量、叶片衰老、干物质积累、氮素积累量、花后氮素积累与运转。结果显示:持绿型品种丹玉508与非持绿型品种农华101相比,产量无差异、千粒重(TKW)较高、穗粒数较低;增加密度显著促进玉米品种产量提高,丹玉508和农华101两年平均分别增加18.5% 和11.1%;提高种植密度增加吐丝期和成熟期单位面积叶片、茎秆及籽粒氮素积累量;丹玉508收获指数(HI)、氮收获指数(NHI)及籽粒氮浓度(GNC)均低于农华101;由于籽粒氮浓度及叶片氮素运转量较低,丹玉508籽粒氮积累量较农华101两年平均低2.61kg/hm2;丹玉508叶片氮素运转量较农华101两年平均低1.62 kg ha-1,茎秆运转量与农华101相当(2.47 kg /hm2 vs 3.41 kg /hm2);在玉米生育后期,持绿型品种丹玉508冠层上部和下部叶片均表现出叶片延缓衰老。本研究表明非持续性品种农华101在玉米灌浆后期叶片快速衰退,有利于叶片氮素向籽粒运转,从而促进产量与氮效率的提高。↑ 向上滑动查看更多
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ZHANG Li-li, ZHOU Xiang-li, FAN Ye, FU Jun, HOU Peng, YANG Hai-long, QI Hua. 2019. Post-silking nitrogen accumulation and remobilization are associated with green leaf persistence and plant density in maize. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 18(8): 1882-1892. |
✺ Sooyeon Lim, Gibum Yi
Mineral malnutrition affects billions of people all over the world and biofortification of staple crops provides a potential way to alleviate dietary mineral deficiencies. For example, nutritional quality is an important breeding target for fresh waxy maize (Zea mays L.), which is widely consumed in Asian countries. Successful improvement of mineral composition will require comprehensive profiling of the mineral composition of maize varieties and an understanding of the capacity for maize grains to accumulate minerals. Here, using inductively coupled plasma absorption emission spectrometry, we quantified 12 minerals from the seeds of 47 maize varieties, including 25 Korean landraces. We also compared the mineral contents in varieties with different seed starch profiles: waxy maize (which contains 100% amylopectin), dent maize (roughly 75% amylopectin and 25% amylose), and flint maize (similar to dent maize). The amounts of potassium, phosphorus, and sulfur were correlated with seed texture, waxy maize having higher amounts of phosphorus and potassium than dent maize and lower amounts of sulfur than flint maize or dent maize. In addition, a positive relationship was detected between the amount of phosphorus and that of potassium, magnesium, and manganese. These results provide information on maize seed mineral composition and indicate that it could be affected by starch composition. Furthermore, the landraces that exhibit high mineral contents could be used as germplasm materials for breeding programs aimed at producing biofortified maize cultivars.
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Sooyeon Lim, Gibum Yi. 2019.Investigating seed mineral composition in Korean landrace maize (Zea mays L.) and its kernel texture specificity. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 18(9): 1996-2005. |
Effects of maize-soybean relay intercropping on crop nutrient uptake and soil bacterial community
✺ FU Zhi-dan, ZHOU Li, CHEN Ping, DU Qing, PANG Ting, SONG Chun, WANG Xiao-chun, LIU Wei-guo, YANG Wen-yu, YONG Tai-wen
玉米-大豆套作是中国西南地区农民普遍采用的一项能够有效提高作物产量和养分利用率的农业措施。为阐明玉米-大豆套作系统中不同种植模式对作物养分吸收、土壤化学性质以及土壤细菌群落的影响,采用单因素随机区组设计,包括玉米单作(MM),大豆单作(MS),玉米-大豆套作(IMS)以及空白处理(CK)。结果表明:相较于单作玉米(MM),套作玉米的籽粒吸氮量增加,套作大豆的产量以及籽粒氮(N)、磷(P)、钾(K)吸收量与大豆单作(MS)相比分别提高25.5%、24.4%、9.6%和22.4%,而套作大豆秸秆的N、K吸收量较大豆单作降低。玉米-大豆套作(IMS)的土壤全氮(TN)、有效磷(AP)、土壤有机质含量(SOM)均显著高于相应单作和CK;此外,与相应单作和CK比,IMS的玉米大豆土壤蛋白酶(SP)、土壤脲酶(SU)、土壤硝酸盐还原酶(SNR)活性均增加。所有处理中的变形菌门、酸杆菌门、绿弯菌门和放线菌门占主导地位,其中变形菌门与玉米土壤有机质和大豆土壤全氮含量呈正相关;IMS的多样性指数(Shannon)高于相应单作和CK。地下交互作用促进作物养分(N、P)的吸收,提高土壤细菌群落多样性,对于研究豆科-谷物套作系统更优化的土壤养分管理措施有重要意义。↑ 向上滑动查看更多
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FU Zhi-dan, ZHOU Li, CHEN Ping, DU Qing, PANG Ting, SONG Chun, WANG Xiao-chun, LIU Wei-guo, YANG Wen-yu, YONG Tai-wen. 2019. Effects of maize-soybean relay intercropping on crop nutrient uptake and soil bacterial community. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 18(9): 2006-2018. |
✺ LI Yan-hong, SHI De-yang, LI Guang-hao, ZHAO Bin, ZHANG Ji-wang, LIU Peng, REN Bai-zhao, DONG Shu-ting
以间作模式提高土地生产力和效益在发展中国家被广泛应用。本研究于2015-2016年,在山东农业大学玉米创新中心进行玉米/花生间作试验,试验设置单作玉米(SM)、单作花生(SP)及玉米花生间作(4:6;IM, IP)三种种植模式。结果表明玉米花生间作具有间作优势,两年试验中土地当量比(LER)分别为1.15和1.16。间作玉米两年平均产量较单作玉米提高61.05%,而间作花生荚果产量较单作花生平均降低31.80%。玉米是玉米花生间作系统中的优势作物,其产量的增加得益于穗粒数的增加;与单作相比,间作提高了玉米穗位层透光率(LTR)、穗位叶光合高值持续期(APD)和收获指数(HI);另外,间作促进了吐丝后干物质积累量以及13C光合产物向籽粒中的分配比例。因此,玉米花生间作能够改善玉米受光条件,增强光合性能,改善雌穗分化,减少败育率,增加玉米穗粒数。此外,间作增加玉米花后干物质积累量及光合产物向籽粒的分配比例,最终获得较高的籽粒产量。↑ 向上滑动查看更多
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LI Yan-hong, SHI De-yang, LI Guang-hao, ZHAO Bin, ZHANG Ji-wang, LIU Peng, REN Bai-zhao, DONG Shu-ting. 2019. Maize/peanut intercropping increases photosynthetic characteristics, 13C-photosynthate distribution, and grain yield of summer maize. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 18(10): 2219-2229. |
不同年代玉米亲本自交系气体交换、叶绿素荧光参数的日变化及光合响应特征
✺ LI Cong-feng, DONG Shu-ting, LIU Rui-xian, REN Hong, DING Zai-song, ZHAO Ming
在过去的七十年中,中国玉米的籽粒产量不断增加,这主要是由于玉米杂交育种的创新,特别是近期对于光合作用的遗传改良。为进一步揭示不同年代玉米亲本自交系光合特性差异的生理机制,本文选择三个不同年代 (1960s,1980s和2000s) 玉米杂交种的6个亲本自交系作为试验材料,比较研究其灌浆期气体交换、叶绿素荧光参数的日变化及光合响应特征。结果表明,与早期玉米亲本自交系相比,当代亲本自交系在一天中均具有较高净光合速率,中午优势更为明显,并且所有亲本自交系都未出现光合午休现象。此外,当代亲本自交系的气孔导度 (Gs) 和水分利用效率 (WUE) 明显高于1960s和1980s自交系,不同年代自交系光合参数差异部分是由于它们的量子羧化效率和光合酶活性不同所致。同时,当代亲本自交系表现出较低的光补偿点和CO2补偿点,以及较高的表观量子产率和羧化效率。表明当代玉米亲本自交系需要较低的光强和较少的CO2,可以维持相对较高的光合能力,从而显著提高了叶片的生理质量和植株抗逆性。这些都为玉米高光效和抗逆育种提供了重要信息。
↑ 向上滑动查看更多Cite this article: |
LI Cong-feng, DONG Shu-ting, LIU Rui-xian, REN Hong, DING Zai-song, ZHAO Ming. 2019. Diurnal variation of gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence, and photosynthetic response of six parental lines of maize released in three eras. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 18(12): 2732-2743. |
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